Passage 18

A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man—the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts,usually beginning by working with his hands.While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker,he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.

美国文化的一个特点，并且几乎成为美国的一项传统的是对自我奋斗的人的尊敬――通过自己的努力到达顶峰，通常是白手起家。然而公司，企业的领导，社会地位很高，在社区中获得比一般工人或工厂技术人员更多的尊敬的大学教授，都不愿说出自己的父亲在美国是从一个农民，工人这类人开始奋斗的。

This attitude toward manual（体力的）labor is now still seen many aspects of American life.One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously（豪华地）furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact the family has been able to afford foreign travel,expensive hobbies,and college education for the children;yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself,will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward,furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery.On the contrary,the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes.A professional may talk about washing the car,digging in his flowerbeds,painting the house.His wife may even help with these things,just as he often helps her with the dishwashing.The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living,or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.

这种对体力劳动的尊敬在美国生活的很多地方都能看到。一个人被邀请到一户家庭赴宴，这户家庭装潢不只舒适，可以说是豪华，处处可证明这家人支付的起国外旅行，奢侈的爱好和孩子的大学教育。但是这样的女主人很有可能自己做饭招待客人，然后洗刷餐具，并且这样的宴会不会仅仅提供快餐式的罐头食品，从附近面包房买的蛋糕或派。相反的，女主人通常为精心准备特别的菜肴而感到自豪。男主人会谈论自己如何洗车，在花房劳作，粉刷房子，他的儿子在外地上大学，做餐厅侍应生，洗盘子来供自己生活花费，或者暑假的时候为建筑队在高速公路工作赚钱付学费。

11.From paragraph 1,we know that in America _______.从第一段我们可以知道在美国_______？

A.people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man人们对自我奋斗的人评价很高

B.people can always rise to the top through their own efforts

C.college professors win great respect from common workers

D.people feel painful to mention their fathers as labors

12.According to the passage,the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because _______.

从这篇文章来看，女主人自己做饭主要是因为_______？

A.servants in American are hard to get

B.she takes pride in what she can do herself她对自己可以做的事情感到自豪

C.she can hardly afford servants D.It is easy to prepare a meal with canned food

13.The expression“wait on table”in the second paragraph means“_______”.

第二段中，词组“等在桌旁”的意思是什么？

A.work in a furniture shop B.keep accounts for a bar

C.wait to lay the table D.serve customers in a restaurant在餐厅为客人服务

14.The author’s attitude towards manual（体力的）labor is _______.作者对体力劳动者的态度如何？

A.positive积极的B.negative C.humorous D.critical

15.Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?下面那项最适合作这篇文章的题目？

A.A Respectable Self-made Family.

B.American Attitude toward Manual Labor.美国人对体力劳动者的态度

C.Characteristics of American Culture.D.The Development of Manual Labor.